Sextus Empiricus was the voice of ancient Greek skepticism for posterity. His writings contain the most subtle and detailed versions of the ancient skeptical arguments known as Pyrrhonism, adding up to a distinctive philosophical approach. Instead of viewing philosophy as valuable because of the answers it gives to important questions, Sextus considered the search for answers itself to be fundamental and offered a philosophy centered on inquiry. Assuming the point of view of an active inquirer, Sextus developed arguments concerning conflicting appearances, infinite regress in argument, dogmatic assertion of premises that are insufficiently justified, and many other ideas that fascinated later philosophers of knowledge across the centuries. He provided a unique perspective on topics of enduring relevance such as perception, language, logical consequence, belief, ignorance, disagreement, and induction.While Sextus's importance to epistemology was appreciated by early modern and modern philosophers, he is underrepresented in contemporary discussions. In order to put Sextus back in the center of epistemology, these essays discuss his influence in the history of modern philosophy as well as contemporary engagements with Sextus's version of Pyrrhonian skepticism. The contributors investigate epistemology after Sextus, addressing four core themes of Sextus's skepticism: appearances and perception, the structure of justification and proof, belief and ignorance, and ethics and action. The arguments presented here bridge the divide between contemporary and ancient debates about knowledge and skepticism and will appeal to philosophers interested in epistemology and philosophy of mind as well as those interested in ancient philosophy and the history of philosophy more generally.

AcknowledgmentsAbout the ContributorsJustin Vlasits and Katja Maria Vogt, IntroductionAppearances and perception1: John Morrison, Perceptual Relativism: Ancient and Contemporary2: Kathrin Glüer, Illusory Looks3: Megan Feeney and Susanna Schellenberg, Bayesian Liberalism4: MGF Martin, Variation and Change in Appearances5: Peter Pagin, The Force of Assumptions and Self-AttributionsThe structure of justification and proof6: Marko Malink, Hypothetical Syllogisms and Infinite Regress7: Jessica N. Berry, Sextan Skepticism and the Rise and Fall of German Idealism8: Duncan Pritchard, Wittgensteinian Epistemology, Epistemic Vertigo, and Pyrrhonian SkepticismBelief and ignorance9: Kathryn Tabb, "The Skeptical Physitian": Locke, Pyrrhonism, and the Case against Innate Ideas10: Don Garrett, Pyrrhonian Skepticism and Humean Skepticism: Belief, Evidence, and Causal Power11: Justin Vlasits, The First Riddle of Induction: Sextus Empiricus and the Formal Learning Theorists12: Jens Haas and Katja Maria Vogt, Incomplete IgnoranceEthics and action13: Richard Bett, Echoes of Sextus Empiricus in Nietzsche?14: Sergio Tenenbaum, Value Disagreement, Action, and CommitmentReferencesIndex