Introducción ························································································01 ¿Serán necesarios nuevos conocimientos para el dominio de la fotografía digital? ·······················································05 Fotografía analógica ·······················································································05 El negativo fotográfico ····················································································06 Película de color ·······························································································08 La diapositiva fotográfica ···············································································08 Escáneres de película ·····················································································09 La fotografía digital y sus medios ·································································10 Comprobación instantánea ············································································12 Reproducir los archivos en papel ··································································12 Ventajas de la fotografía digital ·····································································13 Algunas «desventajas» de la fotografía digital ············································13 Formatos de archivo de la imagen digital ····················································15 Compresión sin pérdidas ················································································16 Partes de la cámara fotográfica digital ················································19 El sensor ···········································································································20 El visor ···············································································································24 El objetivo ·········································································································28 El diafragma ·····································································································35 El obturador ······································································································38 Los botones y diales de control ·····································································40 La pantalla trasera ···························································································41 Medios de almacenamiento ··········································································43 Conexión wifi ····································································································45 El vídeo ··············································································································48 Cómo sostener bien la cámara ····························································57 Cómo sujetar correctamente la cámara y decir adiós a las fotos movidas ··································································58 ¿Disparar en manual o automático? ·····················································65 Modos manuales y automáticos ···································································66 Disparar en manual: ¿sí o no? ········································································67 Una buena reflexión ························································································71 La cámara no hace al fotógrafo ····································································71 Encuadrar la escena correctamente ·····················································75 ¿Qué es el «encuadre de una fotografía»? ···················································76 La dinámica del encuadre ··············································································77 Tipos de encuadre ···························································································77 Recursos útiles para aprender a resaltar la fotografía ·····················································································80 El enfoque (manual y automático) ·······················································85 ¿Cómo enfocar en fotografía? ·······································································86 En manual y en automático ···········································································87 Puntos de enfoque en fotografía ···································································88 Los diferentes puntos de enfoque en fotografía ·····································································································89 Modos de área de autoenfoque ····································································90 Modos de enfoque de la cámara ···································································91 Cómo enfocar en fotografía ···········································································91 Conclusión ········································································································96 La exposición en fotografía y sus ajustes ············································99 Cómo comprender la «exposición» en fotografía ·····································100 El valor de exposición ···················································································102 El equilibrio en la exposición ········································································104 Cómo medir la exposición en fotografía: el fotómetro ·····························107 Modos de medición de la exposición ·························································108 La compensación de exposición ·································································109 De lo que hemos aprendido ·········································································111 El color de la luz ················································································113 De dónde viene el color de los objetos ·······················································114 Sensor y procesador ·····················································································119 Tipos de cámara y sus sistemas asociados ·······································123 Tipos de cámaras fotográficas ····································································124 Cámaras digitales compactas ·····································································124 Las cámaras compactas digitales de gama alta ······································126 Cámaras bridge ······························································································127 Cámaras réflex o dslr digitales ····································································130 Cámaras profesionales ·················································································132 Cámaras sin espejo (mirrorless) ··································································136 Cámaras de medio formato ·········································································140 Cámaras de acción ·······················································································145 Cámaras instantáneas ··················································································148 Sistemas de cámaras y tamaño del sensor ··············································150 Full frame ········································································································155 Objetivos fijos, objetivos intercambiables ··········································161 Gran angular ···································································································163 Teleobjetivo ····································································································164 Objetivos zoom ······························································································165 Objetivos especiales ·····················································································167 Consejos ·········································································································170 Controlar la iluminación ····································································173 Controlar la iluminación ················································································174 Arte fotográfico ·················································································187 Introducción ···································································································188 Medios de almacenamiento ·······························································219 Introducción y contexto ················································································220 Retoque básico de fotografías ···························································227 Introducción ···································································································228 Ajustes ············································································································233 Retoque avanzado de fotografías ······················································285 Introducción ···································································································286 Definir el color frontal y de fondo ································································287 Herramientas ·································································································290 Dibujo de formas ···························································································294 Capas ··············································································································296 Usar las reglas, las guías y las cuadrículas ················································298 Retoques ·········································································································303 Luz para enfocar: la iluminación desenfocada ··········································312 Aplicar color a objetos en blanco y negro ··················································315 Añadir movimiento ························································································318 Enfocar el centro de una imagen o desenfocar el entorno ················································································320 Solucionar el efecto keystoning ···································································324 Cambiar el color en partes concretas de una imagen ·····························325 Cambiar el cielo de una imagen ··································································329 Fotos panorámicas ·······················································································334 Fusionar imágenes ························································································339 Complementos y accesorios ······················································································345 ¿Qué son los «complementos y accesorios fotográficos»? ····················346 Fotografiar con smartphones ······································································361 ¿Qué nos impulsa a tomar fotografías con un smartphone? ··················362 Unos apuntes y sugerencias ········································································365 Las redes sociales: cómo imprimir nuestras fotografías ····················371 ¿Qué son las «redes sociales»? ···································································372 La importancia de la imagen en las redes sociales ··································376 Cómo imprimir nuestras fotografías ··························································377 Preparar las fotos para imprimir ·································································381La fotografía digital es, hoy en día, la culminación tecnológica en el mundo de la imagen. A ella se acude habitualmente como soporte de conocimientos, de documentación y de creatividad. Cualquier persona que se forme en el mundo de la imagen puede llegar a ser un gran fotógrafo y, por qué no, también un artista creador de obras únicas. Si quiere conseguir sus propias metas, tan solo necesita una orientación, sugerencias y buenos consejos. En este libro encontrará mucho de ello, presentado de forma muy clara y didáctica. Cómo dominar la fotografía digital contiene todo lo que necesita un fotógrafo para realizar y plasmar sus proyectos, ilusiones y ambiciones. En este libro se explica paso a paso, desde lo más básico hasta lo más avanzado, qué es la fotografía digital, cuáles son las partes de las cámaras digitales, cuándo se debe disparar en manual o en automático, cómo encuadrar correctamente y enfocar las diferentes escenas, etc. Asimismo, con este libro aprenderá a exponer correctamente observando las condiciones de luz y según el lugar, discernirá entre el tipo de cámara y los objetivos que necesita, sabrá cómo retocar sus fotografías de la forma más fácil, así como imprimir y procesar sus archivos con éxito. Además, aprenderá acerca de la fotografía con el móvil y conocerá la información básica y necesaria de las redes sociales en materia de imágenes, que tanta importancia tiene en la época actual. Gracias a esta lectura, y a las más de 300 ilustraciones que componen el libro, disfrutará de los últimos avances y conocimientos en fotografía digital, y podrá aplicarlos tanto a su cámara como a su smartphone. ¡Es el momento de convertirse en todo un experto en fotografía digital!La fotografía digital es, hoy en día, la culminación tecnológica en el mundo de la imagen. A ella se acude habitualmente como soporte de conocimientos, de documentación y de creatividad. Cualquier persona que se forme en el mundo de la imagen puede llegar a ser un gran fotógrafo y, por qué no, también un artista creador de obras únicas. Si quiere conseguir sus propias metas, tan solo necesita una orientación, sugerencias y buenos consejos. En este libro encontrará mucho de ello, presentado de forma muy clara y didáctica. Cómo dominar la fotografía digital contiene todo lo que necesita un fotógrafo para realizar y plasmar sus proyectos, ilusiones y ambiciones. En este libro se explica paso a paso, desde lo más básico hasta lo más avanzado, qué es la fotografía digital, cuáles son las partes de las cámaras digitales, cuándo se debe disparar en manual o en automático, cómo encuadrar correctamente y enfocar las diferentes escenas, etc. Asimismo, con este libro aprenderá a exponer correctamente observando las condiciones de luz y según el lugar, discernirá entre el tipo de cámara y los objetivos que necesita, sabrá cómo retocar sus fotografías de la forma más fácil, así como imprimir y procesar sus archivos con éxito. Además, aprenderá acerca de la fotografía con el móvil y conocerá la información básica y necesaria de las redes sociales en materia de imágenes, que tanta importancia tiene en la época actual. Gracias a esta lectura, y a las más de 300 ilustraciones que componen el libro, disfrutará de los últimos avances y conocimientos en fotografía digital, y podrá aplicarlos tanto a su cámara como a su smartphone. ¡Es el momento de convertirse en todo un experto en fotografía digital!